汉译英笔译技巧丨第二届“中外传播杯” 全国大学生英语翻译大赛

【例子】

疫情发生后，全国上下紧急行动，依托强大综合国力，开展全方位的人力组织战、物资保障战、科技突击战、资源运动战，全力支援湖北省和武汉市抗击疫情，在最短时间集中最大力量阻断疫情传播。

【我的翻译】

After the wake of Covid-19, the entire Chinese nation acted promptly based on our strong overall strength, carrying out a well-rounded preparation of organizing task forces, producing critical supplies, enhancing R&D and allocating our resources to those in need rapidly in order to support Hubei Province and Wuhan city with the goal of curbing the virus transmission in the shortest time with all strength.

中文一整句话，翻译成英语时也没有进行切句，句子写得越长，越容易产生语法错误和语译误读。要勇于切句和断句，善用连接词和代词。

【修改后】

After the wake of Covid-19, the entire Chinese nation acted promptly. Relying on / Based on its overall strength, China mobilized task forces, procured critical supplies, enhanced R&D and brought them to those in need rapidly. It mustered the support of the whole country to assist Hubei, and particularly Wuhan, to combat the disease. It pooled all this strength in the shortest period of time, and curbed the virus transmission.

【技巧二】同义重复“并译”行。

【例子】

餐馆关门、酒店停业和学校停课让一些农民失去了一半以上的买主。(关门、停业、停课属于同义重复)

【译文】

The closing of restaurants, hotels and schools has let some farmers with no buyers for more than half of their crops.

【技巧三】CCE原则。

【例子1】

然而，公路运输是目前中国货运体系的主体。

【原译文】

However, the road transportation is the body of current China’s goods transportation system.

【修改后】

However, the bulk of China’s freight still travel by road.

第一版译文中的the body of 和system都是宏观词，要舍去宏观，取具体。通过CCE技巧，把原文转化为“大部分中国货物都由公路运输来实现的。”再进行汉译英。

【例子2】

在公共场所设置“一米线”并配以明显标识，避免近距离接触。

【译文】

Clear signs urging people to maintain at least one meter of distance and avoid close contact can be seen in all public places.

【例子3】

开展康复期血浆采集和临床治疗工作，建立应急储备库。（C）

对于新冠康复者进行血浆采集，用于构建应急储备库，并将其用于临床治疗中。（C）

The plasma of convalescent Covid-19 patients has been collected to set up an emergency plasma reserve, and convalescent plasma therapy has been applied in clinical treatment.（E）

【技巧四】舍宏观取具体。

【例子1】

经过疫情的考验，共建“一带一路”的基础将更加牢固，动力将更加充沛，前景将更加广阔。

【译文】

Covid-19 will only strength and re-energize Belt and Road cooperation and open up new possibilities.

具体转译避抽象。中文“的+抽象名词”，如果不知道怎么翻，可以删除试试。“前景将更加广阔”（抽象）转译成“有更多新可能性”open up new possibilities (具体)。

【例子2】

中国新冠疫苗研发完成并投入使用后，将作为全球公共产品，为实现疫苗在发展中国家的可及性和可负担性做出中国贡献。

When Covid-19 vaccine developed by China is available for use, we will make it accessible and affordable for other developing countries as a global public good.

做出中国贡献（宏观），就指前面的整句话，抽象的中国贡献就不用译出。

【技巧五】英语中多用被动语态。｜ 英语用词多样性。

【例子】

对湖北省、武汉市对外通道实施最严格的封闭和交通管控，暂停武汉及湖北国际客运航班、多地轮渡、长途客运、机场、火车站运营，全国暂停入汉道路水路客运班线发班，武汉市及湖北省多地暂停市内公共交通。

As the most rigorous isolation and traffic control was conducted in Hubei Province, particularly in Wuhan, International passenger flights, ferries and long-distance passenger services in many parts of the province were suspended. Road and waterway passenger services bound for Wuhan from other places of the country were also canceled. Airports and railway stations were closed and intra-city public transport halted in Wuhan and many other parts of Hubei.

中文中习惯用“无主语”的句子。用词“九九归一”。

转换到英语中，要善用被动结构，把中文中一致的用词，翻译成不一样的英语，或是改变句式，或是用词多样。

【技巧六】谓语动词的过渡。

【例子】

我支持你。

I support you.

I give you my support.

把中文中原有的动词翻译成了名词，又找了一个动词性质相对较弱的动词give作为本句的谓语。动词“支持”转化成了名词“支持”。这种翻译方法称之为“谓语动词的过渡”。

英语中存在过渡的现象，是因为英文是静态行语言，而中文是动态性语言。中文善用动词、形容词和副词；而英文善用名词。

【技巧七】汉语中的动词翻译时转化为英语中的名词。| 中文善用动词；英语善用名词。

【例子1】

为了降低铁运和水运的成本，发挥不同运输方式的比较优势和联运效率，专家认为应加快市场化改革、做好基础建设和运输衔接。

Experts say faster market reform and better infrastructure and transportation links are needed to cut cost of rail and water freight, leverage their comparative advantages and make inter-modal transport more efficient.

【例子2】

风电、光伏产业技术进步快，成本一直在下降，发展的规模也相对比较大，部分地区已经可以做到市场化、商业化，摆脱补贴来进一步“更健康”地发展了。

Both wind and sola power have benefited from rapid technological improvements, falling costs, and large-scale adoption. In some regions, renewable power is ready to compete without subsidies, providing a more sustainable path to future growth.

【技巧八】中文先分后总，英文先总后分。

【例子】

中国选手在跳水、乒乓球、羽毛球和体操等项目上都获得了金牌。

The Chinese athletes won gold medals in these events, such as diving, table tennis, badminton and gymnastics.

——来源于知乎秦浅翻译技巧